Tag Archives: Mostar

Souvenirs from Bosnia & Herzegovina

(Kingston, Ontario, Canada)

Cleaning and organizing have been occupying more of my time lately. In the process, I have found a lot of “souvenirs” from my past travels. Today’s post focuses on some interesting ephemera from my April 2014 trip to Bosnia & Herzegovina.

I stayed at the Hotel Konak in Sarajevo (Bosnia & Herzegovina)

The Hotel Konak was almost perfectly located in downtown Sarajevo. I could easily walk to everything. The hotel facade was a little unusual, but it was quite nice inside. It was a very comfortable place to sleep off my jet lag and adjust to my new surroundings. I had a long trip from Kingston to Toronto to Vienna to Sarajevo, and I appreciated the quiet room.

I visited the “Tunnel of Hope” in Sarajevo (Bosnia & Herzegovina)

The next day, I went on a guided “Siege of Sarajevo” tour, and it was an excellent (if sobering) introduction to the relatively recent conflict in this historic city. You can read more about the siege here, including the still “bullet-holed” tunnel entrance. The “Tunnel of Hope” was my first direct introduction to the impact of the war on Sarajevo…although the ruins of the Olympic complex also made a deep impression. I later wrote about a very close encounter with a land mine in Sarajevo.

Specialties of the Restoran Šadrvan in Mostar, Bosnia & Herzegovina

My next stop was the city of Mostar. As I noted in the blog entry I posted shortly after arrival in Mostar, the wounds of war were even more apparent here. But it was also a beautiful city, and my first meal was in a garden-like setting near Mostar’s famous and historic bridge. The photo at the very top of this post is actually a postcard from the Restoran Šadrvan in Mostar (my table was right by the fountain), and the picture above shows some of their specialties. My main course was stuffed peppers, but I also had a pickled vegetable salad…and I’m sure I had dessert too. After all, I was doing a lot of walking!

The Museums of Mostar, Bosnia & Herzegovina

I visited the local museum in Mostar primarily to see a video. They have a small theatre inside the museum where you can watch footage from the conflict that took place in Mostar. The footage of the destruction of the bridge was especially sad. I crossed that rebuilt bridge many times during my stay, and it is easily the most emotional bridge I have ever crossed. I also visited the Koski Mehmed Pasha Mosque, which is now a National Monument. Ascending the minaret was particularly memorable: you can read about it here.

Receipt from the Hotel Platani in Trebinje (Bosnia & Herzegovina), along with bus tickets/baggage receipts from Mostar

My next stop was not very far geographically, but it felt very different in every other respect. Trebinje is located in the Republika Srpska: it’s still in Bosnia & Herzegovina, but it is also governed separately from the “Federation” part of Bosnia & Herzegovina. You can read about that in more detail in my Trebinje post from 2014. The Serbian influence is much stronger here, as you can see from the above invoice from my hotel. The top of the invoice says “Hotel Platani” and “Trebinje” in the Cyrillic alphabet.

Receipt from the restaurant at Hotel Platani, Trebinje (Bosnia & Herzegovina)

The receipt above is from my meal in the hotel restaurant on my first night in Trebinje. While the form is all in Cyrillic, my waiter used the Roman alphabet to record my meal. I had a Capricciosa pizza, a glass of local red wine, and a decadent dessert. It was a palačinka … basically a stuffed crepe. But this one was the house specialty: it had an enormous amount of cherries and much more ice cream than usual. (You’ll notice that all prices in this post are in “KM”. This stands for “convertible marks”. The Bosnian currency was pegged to the German mark, and theoretically still is…even though Germany no longer uses the deutschmark.)

I enjoyed reliving my Bosnian trip through these items. Who knows what I will uncover next?

The Lost Blog Entry from Bosnia & Herzegovina

(Kingston, Ontario, Canada)

In reviewing my photographs of the past year, I realized that there was still at least one untold story from my visit to Bosnia & Herzegovina. Here is a “previously unpublished” blog entry dating back to April of 2014.

The city of Mostar suffered terribly during the 1990s. I’ve shared some stories and pictures about the destroyed bridge and some of the damage that was done to the people and buildings. But I didn’t say anything about one of the monuments…

View of the "east bank" of Mostar, from the top of the famous Old Bridge
View of the “east bank” of Mostar, from the top of the famous Old Bridge

Yugoslavia was a communist country but it wasn’t really behind the Iron Curtain.  Marshal Tito followed a relatively independent course and, as a result, Yugoslavia was the most accessible of the communist states in Eastern Europe. However, as in most of the communist countries, there were many monuments built in Yugoslavia to commemorate the struggle against fascism during World War II.

Second World War Monument (Trebinje, Bosnia & Herzegovina)
Second World War Anti-Fascist Monument (Trebinje, Bosnia & Herzegovina)

Last year, I published a photograph (see above) of a Yugoslavian era anti-fascist monument in Trebinje. This monument is well maintained and is right in the middle of Trebinje’s main downtown park, suggesting that it is considered to be very important.  However, another (much, much larger) Yugoslavian era anti-fascist monument is located in Mostar.  Unlike Trebinje’s monument, however, the one in Mostar is crumbling, waterlogged, and completely overgrown with weeds. There are no signs showing the way to Mostar’s monument and some maps don’t even include it…despite it being close to downtown and sprawling over the equivalent of several city blocks. How could this happen, when the two cities are in the same country and barely 100 km apart?

Anti-Fascist Monument in Mostar, Bosnia & Herzegovina
Anti-Fascist Monument in Mostar, Bosnia & Herzegovina

The answer is complicated and obscured by past conflicts. In a nutshell, however, one ethnic group is seen as having been sympathetic to the communist cause…while another is seen as having been sympathetic to the fascist cause. As a result, the interest in maintaining anti-fascist monuments varies according to which ethnic group dominates in a particular place. The interest in developing “Yugoslavian Civil War” tourism varies in a similar way, as one ethnic group is not as keen on having its role being placed under scrutiny.   You can imagine how complicated this gets, as there are actually three ethnic groups in Bosnia & Herzegovina.

Overgrown monument in Mostar, Bosnia & Herzegovina
Near the top of the overgrown anti-fascist monument in Mostar, Bosnia & Herzegovina

I was tempted to use quotation marks with put the word “ethnic” in the above paragraph:  you may remember from my earlier posts that these “ethnic” groups historically were essentially the same in appearance and language:  it was mainly religion that divided them.

Looking from the monument itself to the formerly grand entrance (Mostar, Bosnia & Herzegovina)
Looking from the monument itself down the formerly grand entrance boulevard (Mostar, Bosnia & Herzegovina)

Anyway, I spent a fair bit of time exploring and climbing on the Mostar monument.  It is huge and built in an over-the-top style that is typical of communist-era monuments.  I was the only person there:  I saw somebody walking a mean-looking dog there when I first passed by the entrance, but he was gone by the time I visited the park.  It felt really creepy,  as if nobody was really welcome at the monument.  I kept looking around to see if somebody was going to tell me to leave…or even to escort me away from the monument.  That never happened but I would not have been surprised if it did.

A smaller arched bridge in Mostar
Another arched bridge in Mostar

This massive monument would have been a major attraction in other Eastern European countries, as they certainly don’t make monuments like that anymore.  However, the rawness of Bosnia & Herzegovina’s recent past means that it will probably continue to crumble for quite some time.     In the meantime, if you want to see the monument in Mostar, try not to rely too heavily on locally-produced maps:  it is possible that something will be missing.  You may also want to visit with a group and during daylight hours, as I didn’t feel completely safe visiting the site and I think there is only one way to get in and out.

A Tranquil Day

(Mostar, Bosnia & Herzergovina)

After some gritty images in my last two posts, I’m looking at a more tranquil side of Herzegovinian life today.

I began by visiting the nearby village of Blagaj.  To be honest, I had never heard of it before coming here.  However, I wanted to explore outside of Mostar and Blagaj was the only vaguely touristy place that I could reach by public transportation.  I had hoped to go on a group excursion to see an assortment of local attractions but there were no spaces available.

Of course, the journey is often just as important as the destination.  I had to take a local bus to get to Blagaj.  When it’s not your country and not your language, something as simple as taking the local bus becomes a real adventure.  Finding and figuring out the bilingual (Croatian/Bosnian) city bus schedule, for a Sunday, proved to be a worthy challenge.

Alas, the bus was late and a local gentleman began asking me questions about Blagaj in Bosnian (or was it Croatian?).  I was glad to be mistaken for a local, but could only mutter “Engleski?” in response.  He shrugged and walked away.  Hoping that nothing was wrong with the bus, I boarded it apprehensively a few minutes later when it finally pulled up to the bus stop.  The bus driver sure seemed determined to make up for lost time, so I held on tight and hoped that the bus had functioning brakes.  I hopped off the bus at what seemed to be a more-or-less central location in Blagaj and began to explore.

The Tekija in Blagaj, Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Tekija in Blagaj, Bosnia and Herzegovina

As it turns out, Blagaj really has only one major attraction:  the Tekija, a “monastery” for Turkish dervishes.  I had to remove my shoes and leave them outside, as per the custom for Muslim buildings (I have to do the same thing in my hotel).  TheTekija was peaceful and well-suited for quiet contemplation.  It also has a spectacular setting:  immediately below a cliff face, out of which roars a turbulent river.  So turbulent, in fact, that a number of the nearby restaurants had their patio seating (unintentionally) under water.  I took a few pictures and, after a cursory look around downtown Blagaj, managed to find my way back to Mostar.

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The Tekija, the Buna River, a very large rock, and an almost submersed bridge (Blagaj, Bosnia & Herzegovina)

After buying and writing some postcards, I decided to do something that I have never done before:  visit a mosque and climb to the top of its minaret.  The Koski Mehmed-Pasha Mosque in Mostar is a national monument, so non-Muslims are allowed to go inside, to climb the minaret, and even to take pictures (something I confirmed with the attendant, as this is usually not the case).  They even allow you to keep your shoes on, as a special covering is on the floor where tourists walk.  The mosque was relatively austere inside; like almost all religious buildings in Mostar, it had to be rebuilt after the war.

Inside the mosque
Inside the mosque

The climb to the top of minaret was quite a challenge.  Very narrow, very steep, very circular, and even very wet as you neared the top.  Reverting to a legal frame of mind, I briefly considered the liability issues.  When I finally emerged from the stairs, there was a frighteningly narrow viewing platform that was drowning in at least one inch of water.  I’m so glad that I bought waterproof hiking shoes for this trip!  Holding on tightly to the railing and taking very small and splooshy steps, I then enjoyed the most fantastic 360′ view of Mostar (the photo at the top of today’s blog post is from here).  Of course, my sensations may have been “heightened” by the challenging conditions I endured to get to and move around the top of the minaret.

Mostar's East Bank, from the Koski Mehmed-Pasha Mosque's minaret
Mostar’s East Bank, from the Koski Mehmed-Pasha Mosque’s minaret

All in all, it was a mostly peaceful day.  However, I readily admit that it might not have been so peaceful for somebody with a fear of heights, water, watery heights, enclosed spaces and/or excess speed.  There is always another side of the story, even when visiting tranquil sites!

Koski Mehmed-Pasha Mosque (Mostar) - was the minaret really leaning that much?
Koski Mehmed-Pasha Mosque (Mostar) – was the minaret really leaning that much?

Mostar

(Mostar, Bosnia & Herzegovina)

From Sarajevo, it is a 3-hour bus ride south through the mountains to the historic city of Mostar.

Like many communities in Bosnia & Herzegovina, Mostar is known to many people only as the scene of horrific fighting during the war of the early 1990s.   It had a remarkable 400+ year-old bridge but that too was destroyed during the recent conflict.   The bridge has since been rebuilt in accordance with the original design (see above) and using the same materials.  Many hoped that this highly symbolic reconstruction would accelerate the patching up of relations between the former adversaries.  I’ll return to this question later.

But first – some background information on the conflict in the Mostar area.  At the beginning of the war, the Bosnian Serbs were essentially driven out of the city by the combined Bosniak (Muslim) and Bosnian Croat forces.  However, conflict then arose between the Bosniaks and Croats.  The Bosniaks controlled the east side of the Neretva River, while the Croats controlled most of the west side.  In 1993, the worst year of fighting, the bridge was destroyed.  The cemeteries are filled with those who perished that year.

Looking down Onešćukova ulica in Mostar's old town
Looking down Onešćukova ulica in Mostar’s old town

Even after only one day here, it seems to me that Mostar was affected by the war even more than Sarajevo.  Many buildings in the city still lie in ruins, although some tremendous restoration work has been done.  The old town is an incredibly picturesque place, with narrow, twisting streets and stairways and bridges leading in all directions.  The old bridge truly is something to behold – both as a sight to be seen from a distance and as something to cross.  The views from the bridge itself are also spectacular.

View from the old bridge in Mostar (Bosnia & Herzegovina)
View from the old bridge in Mostar (Bosnia & Herzegovina)

There are quaint restaurants appearing all over the “tourist zone” – and, if you avoid one notorious area with great views but poor food, there are restaurants that even locals can recommend.   It also is even cheaper than Sarajevo, although I think that many restaurants are still out of reach of the average local resident.  As you can see from the photographs, there is a purely aesthetic reason that tourists are showing up here in increasing numbers.

However, Mostar is not as big as Sarajevo (the capital) and does not have as many foreign residents.  There are fewer buffers and intermediaries.  As a result, the “war reminders” that I described in my posting on the Sarajevo Siege seem even more intense here.  Despite the undeniable beauty and the reconciliation efforts that have been made by both sides, one still feels tension.  Of course, I just might be more aware of it now that I’ve been in the country for a few days.

Hotel Neretva - luxury hotel destroyed in the early 1990s and still standing on the riverfront (Mostar, Bosnia & Herzegovina)
Hotel Neretva – luxury hotel destroyed in the early 1990s (Mostar, Bosnia & Herzegovina)

As a result of this tension, I’m glad that I splurged a little on my accommodations.  It’s very peaceful and relaxing, as I’m staying in a mansion that was originally built during the Ottoman period by a wealthy family.   It is a “national monument” with impenetrable walls that started as a museum and subsequently became a hotel as well.   My room is furnished (with original items!) as it was a century ago.  There are “curtains” around my bed, oriental carpets, a ceiling intricately carved out of wood (!), and arches over each of my 5 windows.  If you want to see more pictures and details, check out the website at http://www.muslibegovichouse.com.

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Muslibegovic House in Mostar – my room is on the 2nd floor (1st floor in Europe), closest to the camera.